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Spanning Tree Protocol is a layer 2 network protocol used to prevent looping within a network topology, it was created to avoid the problems that arise when computers exchange data on a local network (LAN) that contains paths. It helps prevent loops in a network of switches or bridges that have multiple paths to each other.

STP builds a loop-free logical topology for Ethernet networks, the basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them. Spanning tree allows a network design to include backup links providing fault tolerance if an active link fails.

STP creates a spanning tree that characterizes the relationship of nodes within a network of connected layer 2 bridges, and it disables those links that are not part of the spanning tree leaving a single active path between any two network nodes.

 

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